Renewable Energy Products-Manufacturing Solar Cells

Manufacturing common silicon-based solar cells require a number of different processes starting from a raw material called Quartzite, which is a form of quartz sandstone rock.

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Silicon solar Sell – the technology behind solar panels

Solar energy is predicted to become the most significant contributor to the world’s energy resources and a crucial step in the zero-emission plan. Forecasts are showing solar power as the most important energy source for global electricity production. Let us examine the technology behind a solar panel that allows power generation.

Steps to manufacture monocrystalline PV cells

1-Silica sand is purified in an arc furnace to create 99% pure silicon
2-The 99% silicon is further refined close to 100% pure silicon
3-The silicon is doped with boron or phosphorous (P-type or N-type)
4-The doped silicon is melted and extracted into a crystalline ingot
5-The round ingot is diamond wire-cut into thin square wafers
6-The thin base wafer is coated with an ultra-thin layer of either P-type or N-type silicon to form the PN-junction.
7-An anti-reflective layer and metallic fingers are added to the cell surface
8-Flat ribbon busbars-focus on panels made using crystalline silicon solar cells since these are by far the most common and best performing solar technology available today

Solar cells - the physical phenomenon in power generation- Photovoltaic cells are unique power generators. The biggest difference between solar panels and batteries or fuel cells is that they don’t require any chemical reactions or fuel to produce or store electric energy – only sunlight. The other significant distinction is that, unlike electric generators, solar cells do not have any moving parts.The other significant distinction is that, unlike electric generators, solar cells do not have any moving parts.

A solar cell, also called a photovoltaic cell, is an electronic device that converts the light into electrical energy through a photovoltaic effect. It is a physical phenomenon, but we can split it into three basic steps to understand how sunlight is converted into usable electricity by solar cells in solar panels. innovative service products with general processes in a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell: and remain competitive in the industry.

Three general processes in a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell:
1-Light absorption generates carriers (knocked-out loose electrons). 2-Carriers flow, creating power. 3-Energy is captured and transferred to wires

Each photovoltaic circuit consists of two silicon semiconductors: one positively charged (p-type), the other negatively charged (n-type). The smallest unit of the light – photon is always absorbed by an n-type semiconductor. It generates the movement of higher-energy electrons from the solar cell into an external circuit. The electrons then dissipate their energy in the external circuit and return to the solar cell. Silicon solar cell may be called a p-n junction diode, although its construction is quite different from conventional p-n junction diodes. They’re a form of a photovoltaic PV cell, defined as a device with electrical characteristics – such as current, voltage, or resistance. Solar cells’ abilities and efficiency vary when in contact with light.

Our Offerings -from solar cell to electricity

The photovoltaic effect demands a material in which the absorption of light raises an electron to a higher energy state. A vast number of different materials and processes can meet the requirements for photovoltaic energy conversion. Still, almost all photovoltaic energy conversion uses semiconductor materials in the structure of a p-n junction..

MODELS OF SOLAR MODULES BASED ON SILICON CELLS TYPE:
1-Monocrystalline Solar Panels ( Mono – SI)
2- Polycrystalline Solar Panels (p-Si)
3- Thin-Film Solar Panels; Amorphous Silicon (A-SI)
4- Concentrated Photovoltaic Cell (CVP)

Are All Solar Panels The Same Size & Efficiency***

This percentage measure of efficiency shows how much of the sun’s energy a particular solar cell can convert into electricity. These efficiencies are measured under laboratory conditions, so it’s unlikely that your home solar system will manage to achieve those figures. Nevertheless, the efficiency rating is a good way to compare different solar panels.

How Does Solar Panel Size Relate To The Amount Of Electricity It Produces?

Here’s an example of these measures in use. If a 370 W solar panel receives five direct sunlight hours, it produces 1.85 kWh of energy. This is calculated as 5 x 370 = 1,850 Typically domestic solar panels generate between 250 and 400 W of power. Larger solar panels will generate more power than smaller solar panels of the same efficiency. But smaller, highly efficient solar panels can still generate a high-power wattage.

solar panel size and power output

Sixty cell solar panels are generally six cells wide and ten high, while seventy-two cell panels are laid out six wide by twelve high.

there is some size variation in solar panels depending on the model and manufacturer, these standard panels sizes offer a good guideline when calculating how many panels you will be able to fit on your roof.

What is a solar panel principle?

Solar power systems is delivering clean, renewable energy from the sun. Introducing solar panels to your household helps combat greenhouse gas emissions and reduces our common dependence on fossil fuels. Silicon solar cells are often used to generate electricity in many distant physical locations all over the world where traditional electric power sources are either unavailable or prohibitively expensive to use.

Due to the lack of moving parts, no fuel demand, and low maintenance needs, photovoltaic cells provide power for most space installations like satellites

Solar PV Module - Check Warranty Information
We also recommend comparing a panel’s warranty against the industry standard. Hopefully, any solar panels you buy will come with a warranty of 10 years at a minimum and up 25-years maximum

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Solar Panel Warranty

Solar panel warranties two very distinct warranty conditions, a product warranty and a performance warranty. Like most products and appliances product warranty that protects against any failures due to faulty materials or workmanship. Solar panels also have a secondary warranty condition.

1. Product Warranty

The product warranty is the manufacturer’s warranty that protects the customer against defects that may have occurred due to manufacturing errors, quality issues, or component and material failures. This means the manufacturer must either replace or provide a refund for solar panels which fail within the product warranty period. In general, solar panel manufacturers must provide a minimum 10-year product warranty period, however, a growing number of premium manufacturers now offer 15, 20 and even 25-year product warranties..

2. Performance Warranty

The performance warranty also referred to as the power output warranty ensures that the solar panel still produces a minimum amount of power output after the expected 25-year life of a panel. Once installed outside and exposed to sunlight, UV radiation, and high temperatures, all solar panels slowly reduce power output over time due to a well-known phenomenon called Light Induced Degradation or LID. Typically 3% is lost in the first year, while the annual loss over the remaining 24 years is much less, at around 0.3% to 0.7% per year. The industry standard is 80-84% retained power output after 25 years.

3. How To Make A Warranty Claim

The first thing you should do is contact our helpline number, and our representative will be able to arrange an inspection or even remotely monitor your system to help diagnose a problem. If they find a fault or issue with the panels, and it is within the solar panel manufacturers warranty period, then the installer should take care of the warranty claim for you. If you cannot get hold of your solar installer then you can hire a solar specialist to inspect the system and provide you with some advice and a condition or fault report.

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Armed with dependable and avant-grade DSP technology, our Sine Wave Inverters can efficiently produce Pure Sine Wave Output in a regulated manner. As a complete and extremely capable power generation system, these inverters and UPS can be used to run lights, fans, ACs, and even heavy machinery across locations such as your home, shops, commercial spaces and industrial spaces. These are smartly designed, cost-effective & environment-friendly.“.

We offer Tubular (Solar compatible), VRLA/SMF and Flat Plate (Lead Acid) Batteries that can ensure reliable and consistent power supply every time you use them. The batteries come with long lives, can endure frequent or long power cuts, and perform excellently in home or heavy duty applications. They require low maintenance, are corrosion-resistant and get recharged quickly.“.”

Here’s a summary of how you can use all this information to help you to plan the size of your home solar system.
1-Calculate your energy needs.
2-Measure how much roof space you can give over to your solar system.
3-Calculate how much solar energy your given space can produce in your area.
4-Decide whether you need to install expensive, highly efficient panels or cheaper, less efficient ones.
5-Finally, when you know the kind of system that you need, contact our representative for evaluation process.

Related Resources & Association of Energy Engineer

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